2012-07-05
推薦酥餅推薦的書:獨裁者的學習曲線,當獨裁者也談依法辦理及人權時~~
曾有朋友喜歡搜集「獨裁者」肖相及紀念品,例如毛澤東語錄、蔣介石徽章、史達林或北韓的一些獨裁物件,但做為政治記者出身的政治人物,我常想到的是「統治者」此時的想法,馬英九此時是害怕或是不在乎?人民為何會服從於不合理的獨裁?人民以為開個反貪會議統治者就不會賄選了嗎?盧安達大屠殺為何會一次滅族殺掉上百萬人?德意志民族為何會同意希特勒大屠殺猶太人?統治者的心理究竟在想什麼,同樣的,被統治者又為什麼會這麼順從?
很高興看到酥餅推薦的這本書,他翻為《獨裁者的進化》,本書的意涵也可以用來分析,為什麼第三波民主之後的國家都出現了「民主逆流」,人民為何最後又再以民主型式投票選出了看起來外型可以學歷不錯的「新獨裁者」?原因就是,過去的「老賊」容易辯別,但是戴上面具,滿嘴仁義道德依法辦理的「進化之後的獨裁者」,這類「小賊」則不易為人民發現,除非像014被錄音大家才得知他囂張程度,否則,人民怎能看出統治者真正的心理與面具呢?這本書字面上的翻譯是《獨裁者的進化曲線》,希望我的英文趕快進步能速速看完內文!
轉載百萬部落客酥餅的文章:《獨裁者的進化》
美國最近有一本William Dobson寫的暢銷書,書名叫Dictator's Learning Curve,我把他翻譯成獨裁者的進化。作者研究世界各地的獨裁者,得到一個結論,那就是像北韓一樣活在上一個世紀的獨裁者已經不多了,今天的獨裁者有許多變形,他們口中也談選舉與人權,他們的統治技巧高超,而且也經營國際網絡,關鍵時有許多國際支持,台灣雖然不是作者研究的對象,但是許多書中的片段大家應該感到非常耳熟。
作者舉俄國為例,當民眾打算上街抗議普丁選舉不公時,普丁的應對方法並不是軍隊與坦克,而是在國會修法,提高抗議的罰款,並授予警察在抗議前約談反對人士的權力,雖然是惡法但是一切依法辦理,相對於台灣的集遊法,以及最近在立法院將通過的瘦肉精法案,耳熟嗎?
………
進化後的獨裁者不會百分之百控制媒體,他會開放一小部分的媒體自由,一方面讓群眾自我感覺良好,以為擁有一定程度的民主自由,另一方面也避免自己被包圍,這一小部分自由的媒體會幫他查出他的手下中,誰已經過分的貪污腐敗,相對於最近發生的林益世施壓索賄案,耳熟嗎?
所以你還以為一切依法辦理,有公開透明的選舉,定期更換總統,走司法程序,有一小部分媒體揭弊就不是獨裁政權,我們就不是被獨裁者統治嗎?民主政治重要的不是形式,而是法後有法的法治的精神、實質的公平、權力的制衡、獨立的司法與進步的媒體。徒具形式的民主是進化後的獨裁者最美麗的外衣,也是麻痺自我感覺良好的人民最好的方法。
以下是網路上有關於本書的一些介紹:
It’s hard not to think about Tony’s woes while reading William J. Dobson’s intelligent and absorbing “Dictator’s Learning Curve.” It’s a book that intricately explores the headache-making complexities of being an authoritarian tough guy in 2012. These despots may well be on anti-depressants too.
Old-school oppressors like Stalin, Pol Pot, Mao and Idi Amin had it easy. There was no YouTube, no Facebook, no Twitter. “Today, the world’s dictators can surrender any hope of keeping their worst deeds secret,” Mr. Dobson observes. “If you order a violent crackdown — even on a Himalayan mountain pass — you now know it will likely be captured on an iPhone and broadcast around the world.”
The neo-authoritarians, from Vladimir Putin in Russia to Hugo Chávez in Venezuela to China’s more faceless technocrats, are still brutal, but they have learned to adapt. These types of leaders, the author says, “are far more sophisticated, savvy and nimble than they once were.”
Mass arrests and firing squads? For most of these men these are clumsy and a bit passé. Tax collectors and health inspectors are now more likely to shut down dissident groups. Today’s dictators confound their critics by peppering their speeches, the author says, “with references to liberty, justice and the rule of law.” Fair and balanced is how they wish to appear, contrary to realities. A new kind of iron fist has arrived, tucked behind an acid-whitened smile.
Mr. Dobson is the politics and foreign affairs editor of Slate; before that he was an editor for Foreign Affairs. He crisscrossed the globe multiple times while reporting this prickly book, traveling some 93,000 miles, he estimates.
He’s interviewed more than 200 people, and his closely observed accounts of dictators’ increasingly sly methods to control their populations are haunting and dispiriting. Chief among these methods is simple confusion. Citizens rarely know, any longer, where the lines are drawn. One Venezuelan tells the author, “Fear does not leave fingerprints.”
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文明.臺灣.環保.弱勢.文化.改變ing
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台灣的獨裁者學習力很強!
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